Comportamiento del Parto Pretérmino durante un período de crisis socioeconómica en los diferentes sectores sociales en Uruguay / Pretermina Delivery Behavior During a period of socioeconomic crisis in the different social sectors in Uruguay

Introducción : El parto de pretérmino (PP) es un síndrome complejo que se da en los diferentes sectores sociales con factores asociados diversos. En Uruguay los subsectores de atención -público y privado del Sistema nacional integrado de salud (SNIS) diferencian a los sectores sociales de acuerdo al poder adquisitivo y los determinantes sociales adversos. La prevalencia del PP ha variado en ambos subsectores en la última década de acuerdo a múltiples circunstancias, sin embargo, las crisis socioeconómicas afectan de manera diferente a los diferentes sectores sociales. Se puede evaluar esto por el impacto de la crisis socio económica aguda que afectó a las embarazadas en el periodo de la parapandemia COVID 19 antes del comienzo de la 1era ola de infecciones por el SARS - Cov2 en Uruguay. Objetivos: Analizar la prevalencia del PP de acuerdo al subsistema de asistencia de las mujeres embarazadas (público o privado) durante el periodo marzo - octubre 2020. Describir las principales características diferenciales de estas 2 poblaciones y su eventual relación con la prevalencia del PP. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de nacimientos pretérminos y caracterización de estos embarazos en los dos subsectores de salud, durante el 15 de marzo y el 30 de septiembre del 2020, mediante análisis de la base de datos nacional del SIP. Resultados : La incidencia de PP fue 11.4% en el subsector público y 9,6% en el sector privado, lo cual es significativo estadísticamente. El perfil de las madres de pretérmino en el subsector público tuvo mayor incidencia de adolescentes (22,3% vs 5,0%), consumo de alcohol (2,2% vs 0,7%) y violencia de género (1,3% vs 0,5%), mientras que en el subsector privado mayor incidencia de madres añosas (28,4% vs 18,2%), patologías maternas (85,9% vs 65,8%) y embarazo múltiple (18,8% vs 11,0%). Conclusiones: El perfil de la mujer asistida en el sector privado que tiene un PP es diferente al del sector público, lo que sugiere la existencia de 2 modelos de PP: el del sector público, relacionado con un medio socio económico adverso y vulneración de derechos, y otro, el del sector privado, donde no se aprecian estas vulneraciones de derechos. Esto tiene implicancias en el abordaje fisiopatológico, preventivo, diagnóstico y terapéutico del PP.

Introduction. Pretérmina delivery (PP) is a complex syndrome that occurs in different social sectors with diverse associated factors. In Uruguay, care subsectors -public and private from the National Integrated Health System (SNIS) differentiate social sectors according to purchasing power and adverse social determinants. The prevalence of the PP has varied in both subsectors in the last decade according to multiple circumstances, however, socioeconomic crises affect differently from the different social sectors. This can be evaluated due to the impact of the acute socio -economic crisis that affected the pregnant women in the Covid 19 parapandemics period before the start of the 1st wave of SARS - COV2 infections in Uruguay. Objectives: Analyze the prevalence of the PP according to the assistance subsystem of pregnant women (public or private) during the March - October 2020 period. Describe the main differential characteristics of these 2 populations and their eventual relationship with the prevalence of the PP. Methodology: Descriptive study of preterm births and characterization of these pregnancies in the two health subsectors, during March 15 and September 30, 2020, through analysis of the National Database of the SIP. Results: The incidence of PP was 11.4% in the public subsector and 9.6% in the private sector, which is statistically significant. The profile of preterm mothers in the public subsector had a greater incidence of adolescents (22.3% vs 5.0%), alcohol consumption (2.2% vs 0.7%) and gender violence (1.3 % vs 0.5%), while in the private subsector greater incidence of old mothers (28.4% vs. 18.2%), maternal pathologies (85.9% vs 65.8%) and multiple pregnancy (18, 8% vs 11.0%). Conclusions: The profile of the assisted woman in the private sector that has a PP is different from the public sector, which suggests the existence of 2 PP models: that of the public sector, related to an adverse socio -economic medium and violation of rights , and another, that of the private sector, where these violations of rights are not appreciated. This has implications in the pathophysiological, preventive, diagnosis and therapeutic approach of the PP.

Embarazo triple monocorial espontáneo. A propósito de un caso / Spontaneous monochorionic trigemellar pregnancy. A case report / Gravidez monocoriônica espontânea tripla. Relato de caso

Resumen: El embarazo triple monocorial espontáneo tiene una incidencia muy baja, no identificándose factores causales que lo expliquen. La corionicidad determina el resultado perinatal de estas gestaciones, siendo la frecuencia de malos resultados mayor a medida que aumenta el número de fetos con una única placenta. Se presenta un caso de embarazo triple monocorial espontáneo cuyo seguimiento fue realizado en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell con excelente resultado perinatal.

Summary: Spontaneous monochorionic trigemellar pregnancies have a very low incidence, and there is no cause that may explain them. The chorionicity will determine the perinatal result of this gestations, but the frequency of poor results is higher as the number of fetuses sharing the same placenta increases. We present a case of a spontaneous monochorionic trigemellar gestation whose follow-up was carried out in the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Center with an excellent perinatal result.

Resumo: A tríplice gestação monocorial espontânea tem incidência muito baixa, não sendo identificados os fatores causais que a explicam. A corionicidade determina o resultado perinatal dessas gestações, e a frequência de resultados ruins é maior à medida que aumenta o número de fetos com uma única placenta. Apresentamos um caso de gravidez tríplice monocoriônica espontânea cujo seguimento foi realizado no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell com excelentes resultados perinatais.

Comparison between vaginal and sublingual misoprostol 50 µg for cervical ripening prior to induction of labor: randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol on improving the Bishop score after 6 h of administration. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial which includes pregnant women in gestational ages from 32/0 to 41/6, with indication of induction of labor with misoprostol. Bishop score was assessed at the time of induction and 6 h after administration of 50 µg misoprostol. Analysis was made over difference in mean Bishop score of 2 points, using a standard deviation of 2, with 90% power, reaching a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: 102 patients were studied, 51 received sublingual misoprostol, and 51 received vaginal misoprostol. There was a statistically significant difference in cervical modifications in global terms regardless of the administration route at 6 h (P < 0.05). When analyzing each group, there was no significant difference for the mean and standard deviation for Bishop score for sublingual and vaginal route (P = 0.761). There was no significant difference in terms of mode of delivery, Apgar score, cord pH, nor in the presence of complications. CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference in terms of administration route for cervical ripening using misoprostol 50 µg, whether it was sublingual or vaginal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02732522. Registry website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ .

Tertiary-level study of the implementation of a technique checklist for cesarean deliveries at a university hospital in Uruguay.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the adherence of healthcare providers to cesarean-delivery techniques before and after the introduction of a technique checklist at a university hospital. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study included data from all cesarean deliveries at Gynecology Clinic B of the University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay, between January 1 and December 31, 2011. The data were grouped based on whether delivery occurred before or after the implementation of the checklist and were compared across a range of cesarean-delivery techniques. RESULTS: Data from 296 cesarean deliveries were included; 130 from before implementation and 166 from after. After the implementation of the checklist, complete adherence to all techniques was observed in 28 (16.9%) deliveries. Following the introduction of the checklist, the odds of prophylactic cefazolin (OR 8.35, 95% CI 3.74-20.9), chlorhexidine (OR 8.98, 95% CI 3.72-23.7), cord traction for the third stage of labor (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.33-3.85), and double-layer hysterorrhaphy (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.09-6.55) being properly applied increased compared with before the implementation of the checklist. CONCLUSIONS: Overall adherence to the prescribed techniques was low. The implementation of this checklist improved the odds of several techniques being applied by between two- and eight-fold.

Embarazo y síndrome de Evans: a propósito de un caso / Pregnancy and Evans'syndrome: case report

El síndrome de Evans es la coexistencia de trombocitopenia autoinmune con anemia hemolítica autoinmune. Raramente se presenta durante el curso de un embarazo. Esto dificulta las opciones terapéuticas, dado que algunos de los agentes utilizados para el tratamiento son teratogénicos. Los efectos del síndrome de Evans en el feto y recién nacido se desconocen dado el escaso número de casos publicados. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico preconcepcional de síndrome de Evans, que presenta una crisis hemolítica en el curso de una gestación, y diagnóstico de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), en tratamiento en la Clínica Ginecotocológica "A" del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), de Montevideo, Uruguay. Se analizan opciones terapéuticas y evolución, así como publicaciones previas...

Evans' syndrome is the coexistence of autoimmune thrombocytopenia with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It is rarely found during the course of a pregnancy. This makes treatment options more difficult, since some therapeutic drugs are teratogenic. The effects of Evans' syndrome in the fetus and newborn are unknown given the low number of reported cases. We report the case of a patient with preconceptional diagnosis of Evans' syndrome, who develops a hemolytic crisis during the course of a pregnancy, and diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), treated at Clinica Ginecotocologica "A" at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, in Montevideo, Uruguay. Treatment options and evolution are analyzed, as well as previous reports...